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AbstractThis paper considers the effect of financial liberalisation on access to investment finance using firm level data covering 48 developing and transition countries. An index is presented which measures financial market liberalisation along the following policy dimensions: directed lending, credit controls and reserve requirements, state control of banking, openness of international financial flows, banking market entry, prudential regulation and supervision and securities market development. Categorising firms as financially constrained across four measures, the results indicate that financial liberalisation is robustly associated with a reduction in the probability of being credit constrained, with the effect strongest for young, domestic private small and medium sized enterprises. For Sub-Saharan Africa, the results indicate that financial liberalisation actually increases financing constraints for firms. This may help explain the stylised fact that despite a commitment to financial reform, the predicted growth benefits have not been realised in this region.

AbstractThis paper tests the effect of corruption on the efficiency of capital investment. Using firm‐level data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, covering 90 developing and transition economies, we consider whether the cost of informal bribe payments distorts the efficient allocation of capital by reducing the marginal return per unit investment. Controlling for censoring and endogeneity, we find that bribery decreases investment efficiency. The negative effect is strongest for domestic small‐sized and medium‐sized enterprises. We conclude that reducing the level and incidence of bribery by public officials would facilitate a more efficient allocation of capital. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.